![]() The ophicleide used a cup-shaped brass instrument mouthpiece but employed keys and tone holes similar to those of a modern saxophone. ![]() Harmonics starting three octaves above the fundamental pitch are about a whole step apart, making a useful variety of notes possible. Prior to the invention of valves, brass instruments were limited to notes in the harmonic series, and were thus generally played very high with respect to their fundamental pitch. The addition of valves made it possible to play low in the harmonic series of the instrument and still have a complete selection of notes. The original Wieprecht and Moritz instrument used five valves of the Berlinerpumpen type that were the forerunners of the modern rotary valve. 19 was granted to Wilhelm Friedrich Wieprecht and Carl Moritz on Septemfor a "basstuba" in F1.
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